What is the name of the scale that indicates the force of the wind using numbers from 1 to 12?

The Beaufort Wind Scale is the correct answer because it is specifically designed to measure wind speeds and their effects on land and at sea. This scale uses values from 0 to 12 to classify wind strength, ranging from calm winds to hurricanes. The scale provides a qualitative description of wind conditions, including observable effects on the environment. For example, a Beaufort number of 0 indicates calm conditions, while a number of 12 signifies a hurricane with catastrophic damage.

Other scales mentioned serve different purposes. The Fujita Scale is used to classify tornado intensity based on damage assessment, the Saffir-Simpson Scale is for categorizing hurricanes according to their wind speeds and potential damage, and the Richter Scale measures the magnitude of earthquakes. Each of these serves distinct functions in meteorology and geophysics, further highlighting the specialized role of the Beaufort Wind Scale in wind measurement.